Which type of company is NOT required to have a Memorandum or Articles of Association?

• A. Public limited company (PLC) whose shares are listed on a stock exchange.
• B. Designated activity company (DAC).
• C. Private company limited by shares (LTD).
• D. Public limited company (PLC) whose shares are not listed on a stock exchange.

Answer: (C)

Memorandum and Articles of Association establish a company’s basic constitution, defining its purpose, powers, and governance. The requirement for these documents depends on the type of company. A private company limited by shares is the simplest form and, in many regimes, does not need separate Memorandum and Articles because its rights and limits are governed by the law and its share structure rather than a detailed founding document. Public limited companies, whether their shares are listed or not, and designated activity companies require explicit constitutive documents to set out their objects, powers, and governance due to their broader public obligations and regulatory oversight. So, the form that does not require a Memorandum or Articles is the private company limited by shares.